Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Uso da modelagem de equações estruturais na compreensão da incapacidade funcional de idosos com catarata autorreferida / Use of structural equation modeling to understand the functional disability of elderly people with self-reported cataract

Objetivo: Verificar as associações diretas e indiretas entre variáveis demográficas, econômicas, biopsicossociais e comportamentais com a incapacidade funcional de idosos com catarata autorreferida. Método: Estudo transversal entre 260 idosos com catarata autorreferida e residentes na área urbana de uma microrregião de saúde de Minas Gerais. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos domicílios mediante a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e de trajetórias (p<0,05). Resultados: O declínio funcional ocorreu de forma hierárquica. O pior desempenho físico associou-se diretamente à maior incapacidade funcional para as atividades básicas (p= 0,003), instrumentais (p<0,001) e avançadas (p= 0,003) da vida diária. A inatividade física esteve associada diretamente à maior incapacidade funcional para as atividades instrumentais (p<0,001) e avançadas (p<0,001). A menor escolaridade (p= 0,020), o maior número de sintomas depressivos (p<0,001) e o menor escore de apoio social (p<0,001) associaram-se diretamente à maior incapacidade funcional para as atividades avançadas, tal como a maior idade (p= 0,001) para as instrumentais. Observaram-se associações indiretas, mediadas pelo pior desempenho físico, entre o sexo feminino e o maior número de morbidades com a incapacidade funcional para as três atividades da vida diária. Conclusão: Idosos com catarata autorreferida apresentaram comprometimento da capacidade funcional relacionado à idade mais avançada, à baixa escolaridade, ao pior desempenho físico, à inatividade física, à presença de sintomas depressivos e ao menor nível de apoio social.

Objective: To verify the direct and indirect associations between demographic, economic, biopsychosocial and behavioral variables with the functional disability of the elderly with self-reported cataract. Method: Cross-sectional study among 260 elderly people with self- reported cataract and residents in the urban area of ​​a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Data collection was carried out in the households through the application of instruments validated in Brazil. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). Results: The functional decline occurred in a hierarchical manner. The worst physical performance was directly associated with greater functional incapacity for basic (p= 0.003), instrumental (p<0.001) and advanced (p= 0.003) activities of daily living. Physical inactivity was directly associated with greater functional disability for instrumental (p<0.001) and advanced (p<0.001) activities. Lower schooling (p= 0.020), higher number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001) and lower social support score (p<0.001) were directly associated with greater functional incapacity for advanced activities, such as older age (p= 0.001) for the instruments. Indirect associations, mediated by worse physical performance, were observed between females and the highest number of morbidities with functional incapacity for the three activities of daily living. Conclusion: Elderly people with self-reported cataract showed impairment of functional capacity related to older age, low education, worse physical performance, physical inactivity, presence of depressive symptoms and lower level of social support.

Indicative of depressive symptoms among older people: a longitudinal study / Indicativo de sintomas depressivos entre idosos: um estudo longitudinal

INTRODUCTION: Depressive symptoms can affect the quality of life of older people. Therefore, changes in this condition must be monitored. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of changes in the indicative of depressive symptoms among older people and their associated factors. METHODS: Longitudinal study was carried out for two years with 387 older people from a municipality in Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil. Data were collected at home using Mini-Mental State Examination; a structured questionnaire prepared by the Collective Health Research Group; Lawton and Brody scale; and a short Geriatric Depression Scale. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed (p<0.05). RESULTS: After the two-year follow-up, there was a decrease in the prevalence of older people with indicative depressive symptoms (24.3%). In addition, 20.2% of the older people have no indication of depressive symptoms; 63.0% maintained their initial condition and 16.8% were new cases. Positive self-rated health (p=0.003), functional independence for instrumental activities of daily living (p=0.025), and the lower number of morbidities (p=0.002) were predictors of improvement in indicative of depressive symptoms; while the increase in the number of morbidities (p=0.002) was a predictor for the presence of this condition. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of indicative depressive symptoms among older people decreased during the follow-up and the improvement of this condition was associated with positive self-rated health, functional independence for instrumental activities of daily living, and with a lower number of morbidities. Such factors should be considered when planning health actions aimed at preventing depressive symptoms in older people.

INTRODUÇÃO: A sintomatologia depressiva pode afetar a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Logo, as mudanças nesta condição devem ser acompanhadas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de mudanças do indicativo de sintomas depressivos entre idosos da comunidade e seus fatores associados, em um período de dois anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal realizado com 387 idosos de um município no Triângulo Mineiro. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio mediante a aplicação do Miniexame do Estado Mental; questionário estruturado elaborado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Saúde Coletiva; e Escalas de Lawton e Brody e de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e regressão logística multinomial (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Após follow-up de dois anos, houve diminuição da prevalência de idosos com indicativo de sintomas depressivos (24,3%). Ademais, 20,2% dos idosos deixaram de ter indicativo de sintomas depressivos; 63,0% mantiveram a condição inicial e 16,8% foram novos casos. A autoavaliação da saúde positiva (p=0,003), independência funcional para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária (p=0,025) e o menor número de morbidades (p=0,002) foram preditores de melhora do indicativo de sintomas depressivos; enquanto, o aumento do número de morbidades (p=0,002) foi preditor para a presença desta condição. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência do indicativo de sintomas depressivos entre os idosos diminuiu ao longo do seguimento e a melhora desta condição esteve associada à autoavaliação da saúde positiva, independência funcional para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária e ao menor número de morbidades. Tais fatores devem ser considerados no planejamento de ações de saúde direcionadas à prevenção da sintomatologia depressiva em idosos.

Quality of life in older adults according to race/color: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Increased longevity is accompanied by new social and health demands, such as the race/color social construct, indicating the need to identify the specific needs of older adults to maintain and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the direct and indirect associations of demographic, economic, and biopsychosocial characteristics with self-assessed quality of life in older adults according to race/color. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included 941 older adults living in the urban area of a health microregion in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Older adults were divided into three groups: white (n = 585), brown (n = 238), and black (n = 102) race/color. Descriptive and trajectory analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the three groups, worse self-assessed quality of life was directly associated with lower social support scores and greater numbers of depressive symptoms. Worse self-assessed quality of life was also directly associated with a higher number of functional disabilities in basic activities of daily living and the absence of a partner among older adults of brown and black race/color. Lower monthly income and higher numbers of morbidities and compromised components of the frailty phenotype were observed among participants of white race/color, as well as lower levels of education in the brown race/color group. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with poorer self-assessed quality of life among older adults in the study community differed according to race/color.

Use of structural models to elucidate the occurrence of falls among older adults according to abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for falls in older adults, but the effects of body fat distribution and its interaction with other factors are not well established. OBJECTIVES: To verify the occurrence of falls among older adults with and without abdominal obesity and the effects of sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables on this outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study in an urban area of Alcobaça, Brazil. METHODS: Men and women older than 60 years with (270) and without (184) abdominal obesity were included. Sociodemographic, health, and behavioral data were collected using validated questionnaires in Brazil. Descriptive and path analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The occurrence of falls was high in participants with abdominal obesity (33.0%). In both groups, a higher number of morbidities (β = 0.25, P < 0.001; β = 0.26, P = 0.002) was directly associated with a higher occurrence of falls. Among participants without abdominal obesity, a lower number of medications (β = -0.16; P = 0.04), a higher number of depressive symptoms (β = 0.15; P = 0.04), worse performance on the agility and dynamic balance tests (β = 0.37; P < 0.001), and lower functional disability for basic activities of daily living (β = -0.21; P = 0.006) were directly associated with the occurrence of falls. CONCLUSION: Adults older than 60 years with abdominal obesity have a higher prevalence of falls. Different factors were associated with the occurrence of falls in both groups.

Investigating Factors Associated with Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Adults through Structural Equation Modeling Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The scientific literature mentions the existence of factors associated with fear of falling in older adults. However, the direct and indirect paths of its predictors have not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic, clinical, and health factors directly and indirectly associated with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in older adults (n = 410 - 70.11 ± 7.22 years). Clinical and health-condition data were collected, as were data on fear of falling using the Falls Efficacy Scale International-Brazil (FES-I Brazil). It was found that being female and having a higher number of self-reported morbidities, worse physical performance, and a higher number of depressive symptoms were directly associated with greater fear of falling. Regarding indirect associations, physical inactivity, mediated by a greater number of morbidities, worse physical performance, and a greater number of depressive symptoms, was associated with greater fear of falling. In addition, worse self-rated health, mediated by a greater number of depressive symptoms, as well as older age, mediated by worse physical performance, were associated with the outcome. This study provides information on the predictors directly and indirectly associated with fear of falling, expanding current understanding of this relationship.

Use of structural models to elucidate the occurrence of falls among older adults according to abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for falls in older adults, but the effects of body fat distribution and its interaction with other factors are not well established. OBJECTIVES: To verify the occurrence of falls among older adults with and without abdominal obesity and the effects of sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables on this outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study in an urban area of Alcobaça, Brazil. METHODS: Men and women older than 60 years with (270) and without (184) abdominal obesity were included. Sociodemographic, health, and behavioral data were collected using validated questionnaires in Brazil. Descriptive and path analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The occurrence of falls was high in participants with abdominal obesity (33.0%). In both groups, a higher number of morbidities (ß = 0.25, P < 0.001; ß = 0.26, P = 0.002) was directly associated with a higher occurrence of falls. Among participants without abdominal obesity, a lower number of medications (ß = -0.16; P = 0.04), a higher number of depressive symptoms (ß = 0.15; P = 0.04), worse performance on the agility and dynamic balance tests (ß = 0.37; P < 0.001), and lower functional disability for basic activities of daily living (ß = -0.21; P = 0.006) were directly associated with the occurrence of falls. CONCLUSION: Adults older than 60 years with abdominal obesity have a higher prevalence of falls. Different factors were associated with the occurrence of falls in both groups.

Quality of life in older adults according to race/color: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Increased longevity is accompanied by new social and health demands, such as the race/color social construct, indicating the need to identify the specific needs of older adults to maintain and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the direct and indirect associations of demographic, economic, and biopsychosocial characteristics with self-assessed quality of life in older adults according to race/color. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included 941 older adults living in the urban area of a health microregion in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Older adults were divided into three groups: white (n = 585), brown (n = 238), and black (n = 102) race/color. Descriptive and trajectory analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the three groups, worse self-assessed quality of life was directly associated with lower social support scores and greater numbers of depressive symptoms. Worse self-assessed quality of life was also directly associated with a higher number of functional disabilities in basic activities of daily living and the absence of a partner among older adults of brown and black race/color. Lower monthly income and higher numbers of morbidities and compromised components of the frailty phenotype were observed among participants of white race/color, as well as lower levels of education in the brown race/color group. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with poorer self-assessed quality of life among older adults in the study community differed according to race/color.

Panorama das internações por covid-19 entre pessoas idosas residentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil / Overview of hospitalizations for covid-19 among aged individuals residing in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Objetivo caracterizar as internações por covid-19, no período de março de 2020 a março de 2022, entre pessoas idosas residentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil, segundo distribuição geográfica, dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e epidemiológicos e de atendimento. Método estudo quantitativo e descritivo realizado com dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, epidemiológicos e de atendimento, do Banco de Dados de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave - incluindo dados da covid-19. Foram consideradas 102.029 internações por covid-19 em pessoas idosas Resultados em 196 dos 853 municípios de Minas Gerais, a incidência foi elevada (3.098 a 8.916 casos por 100.000 habitantes). Houve predomínio de internações em pessoas idosas do sexo masculino (50,7%), entre 60├70 anos (39,0%), pardas (41,6%), com 1ª a 5ª série (17,6%) e que apresentavam fatores de risco/comorbidade (54,0%), dispneia e saturação de oxigênio <95% (72,8%, cada). Referente aos dados de atendimento, uma parcela necessitou de internação em UTI (34,0%), suporte ventilatório não invasivo (54,1%) e apresentou Raio-X com infiltrado intersticial (20,4%). Embora a cura tenha sido o desfecho mais frequente (55,6%), destaca-se que 41,8% das pessoas idosas foram a óbito. Conclusão o estudo mostrou que existem áreas de Minas Gerais com maior número de casos, que precisam ser monitoradas, fornecendo ênfase na atenção aos subgrupos de pessoas idosas do sexo masculino, mais jovens, pardas, com menor escolaridade e fatores de risco/comorbidades, além daqueles com sinais e sintomas indicativos de gravidade clínica.

Abstract Objective To characterize hospitalizations for covid-19 among aged individuals residing in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from March 2020 to March 2022, with a focus on geographical distribution, sociodemographic, clinical, epidemiological, and care data. Method This quantitative and descriptive study used sociodemographic, clinical, epidemiological, and care data from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Database, including covid-19-related data. A total of 102,029 hospitalizations of aged individuals for covid-19 were analyzed for descriptive purposes and mapping the incidence by municipality and macro-region. Results High incidence was observed in 196 of the 853 municipalities in Minas Gerais, ranging from 3,098 to 8,916 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Hospitalizations were predominantly male (50.7%), aged 60-70 years (39.0%), of mixed race (41.6%), with 1st to 5th grade education (17.6%), and presenting risk factors or comorbidities (54.0%). Common symptoms included dyspnea and oxygen saturation below 95% (72.8% each). Regarding care data, a portion of patients required intensive care unit admission (34.0%), non-invasive ventilatory support (54.1%), and presented interstitial infiltrates in chest X-rays (20.4%). Although most cases resulted in recovery (55.6%), it is noteworthy that 41.8% of hospitalized aged individuals died. Conclusion This study highlights the existence of areas in Minas Gerais with a higher incidence of covid-19 cases that require ongoing monitoring, with a focus on the care of subgroups of aged individuals who are male, younger, of mixed race, have lower educational attainment, and have risk factors or comorbidities. Additionally, special attention is needed for aged individuals with signs and symptoms indicative of clinical severity.

Conhecimento científico sobre processo de enfermagem à pessoa idosa que vive com demência e seu cuidador / Scientific knowledge of the nursing process for older adults living with dementia and their caregivers / Conocimiento científico sobre el proceso de enfermería para las personas mayores que viven con demencia y su cuidador

Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento científico sobre o processo de enfermagem aplicado à pessoa idosa que vive com demência e seu cuidador. Método: revisão de escopo conforme o Instituto Joanna Briggs desenvolvido em três bases de dados. Resultados: dos 23 estudos incluídos, 11 fundamentaram o processo de enfermagem em bases teóricas, com ênfase na Teoria Geral do Déficit de Autocuidado. Para a coleta de dados, evidenciou-se instrumentos de avaliação de sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais, funcionalidade e avaliação da cognição/indicativos de demência. A maioria não especificou o uso de linguagem padronizada; e quando presente, a taxonomia North American Nursing Diagnosis Association foi a mais utilizada, com predominância de diagnósticos nos domínios percepção/cognição, segurança/proteção e atividade/repouso. Conclusão: os achados subsidiam a prática clínica do enfermeiro baseado em conhecimento científico atualizado e apontam para lacunas do uso de base teóricas e taxonomias para sustentar o processo de enfermagem.

Objective: to map the scientific knowledge of the nursing process applied to older adults living with dementia and their caregivers. Method: this scoping review was conducted in three databases following the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: of the 23 studies included, 11 grounded the nursing process on theoretical bases, particularly the General Self-Care Deficit Theory. Data collection instruments were found to assess psychological and behavioral symptoms, functionality and cognition/indicators of dementia. Most did not specify use of standardized language; and when they did, the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association taxonomy was the most used, predominantly in the perception/cognition, safety/protection and activity/rest domains. Conclusion: the findings inform the clinical practice of nursing based on current scientific knowledge and point to gaps in the use of theoretical bases and taxonomies to support the nursing process.

Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento científico sobre el proceso de enfermería aplicado a los ancianos que viven con demencia y a su cuidador. Método: revisión de alcance según el Instituto Joanna Briggs desarrollada en tres bases de datos. Resultados: de los 23 estudios incluidos, 11 fundamentaron el proceso de enfermería en bases teóricas, con énfasis en la Teoría General del Déficit de Autocuidado. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron instrumentos de evaluación de síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, funcionalidad y evaluación de la cognición/indicios de demencia. La mayoría no especificó el uso de lenguaje estandarizado; y, cuando presente la taxonomía de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association ha sido la más utilizada, con predominio de diagnósticos en los dominios de percepción/cognición, seguridad/protección y actividad/repudio. Conclusión: Los hallazgos subsidian la práctica clínica del enfermero con base en el conocimiento científico actualizado y apuntan hacia las lagunas del uso de base teórica y taxonomias para sustentar el proceso de enfermería.

Idosos com e sem hipertensão arterial: comportamentos e condições de saúde / Older adults with and without arterial hypertension: behavior and health conditions / Ancianos con y sin hipertensión arterial: comportamientos y condiciones de salud

Objetivo: descrever as características sociodemográficas e econômicas e comparar as ocorrências e chances de prevalência dos comportamentos e condições de saúde de idosos com e sem hipertensão arterial. Método: estudo transversal e analítico, desenvolvido com 957 idosos de Minas Gerais entre maio de 2017 a junho de 2018. Procederam-se análises descritiva, bivariada e regressão logística binária múltipla. Resultados: Em ambos grupos, predominio do sexo feminino, 1├5 anos de estudo, renda mensal individual de um salário-mínimo e morava acompanhada. Idosos hipertensos apresentaram 32,5% menos chances de prevalência para o consumo de bebida alcoólica, duas vezes mais chances de prevalência de medida inadequada da circunferência abdominal (RCP=2,35; p<0,001) e três vezes mais chances de terem cinco ou mais morbidades (RCP=3,60; p<0,001). Conclusão: idosos com hipertensão arterial tiveram melhor comportamento de saúde relacionado ao consumo de bebida alcoólica, entretanto, piores condições de saúde referentes à circunferência abdominal e número de morbidades.

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of elderly people with and without arterial hypertension and to compare the occurrences and prevalence odds ratio of behaviors and health conditions. Method: in this cross-sectional, analytical study of 957 older adults in Minas Gerais, between May 2017 and June 2018, descriptive, bivariate and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: both groups were predominantly female, with 1-5 years of schooling, individual monthly income of one minimum wage, and living with someone. Hypertensive older adults were 32.5% less likely to consume alcohol, twice as likely to have unsuitable waist circumference (WHR=2.35; p<0.001), and three times more likely to have five or more morbidities (CPR=3.60; p<0.001). Conclusion: older adults with arterial hypertension displayed better health behavior as regards alcohol consumption, but worse health conditions as regards abdominal circumference and number of morbidities.

Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y económicas y comparar las ocurrencias y posibilidades de prevalencia de comportamientos y condiciones de salud de ancianos con y sin hipertensión arterial. Método: estudio transversal y analítico, desarrollado con 957 ancianos de Minas Gerais entre mayo de 2017 y junio de 2018. Se realizaron análisis descriptivo, bivariado y de regresión logística binaria múltiple. Resultados: En ambos grupos predomina el sexo femenino, 1-5 años de escolaridad, ingresos mensuales individuales de un salario mínimo y viviendo acompañado. Los ancianos hipertensos tenían 32,5% menos probabilidades de consumir alcohol, dos veces más probabilidades de tener una circunferencia de cintura inadecuada (RCC=2,35; p<0,001) y tres veces más probabilidades de tener cinco o más morbilidades (CPR=3,60; p<0,001). Conclusión: los ancianos con hipertensión arterial presentaron mejores comportamientos de salud relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, sin embargo, peores condiciones de salud en cuanto a la circunferencia abdominal y número de morbilidades.

Social support among older adults understood through structural equation modeling.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze factors associated, directly and indirectly, with lower social support of older adults, according to sex. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, with 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). RESULTS: in groups of women and men, direct and significant associations were observed between a smaller social network (p<0.001;p<0.001), single-person housing (p=0.046;p<0.001), greater number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001;p=0.010) and lower participation in advanced activities (p<0.001;p=0.005) with lower social support. In women, younger age was directly and significantly associated with outcome (p<0.001). In men, older age, mediated by lower participation in advanced activities, was indirectly associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: men and women showed less social support associated with social network, housing arrangement, depressive symptoms and participation in advanced activities. Understanding the context of social support among older adults makes it possible to establish more effective measures to improve care.

Racial inequities and biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. / Iniquidades raciais e indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association of self-reported skin color/race with biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted with a total of 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Brazil. Data were collected at home with instruments validated for the country. Descriptive analysis and binary, multinomial and linear logistic regression (p<0.05) were performed. RESULTS: Most older adults were self-declared white color/race (63.8%). Black color/race was a protective factor for negative (OR=0.40) and regular (OR=0.44) self-rated health perception and for the indicative of depressive symptoms (OR=0.43); and it was associated with the highest social support score (ß=3.60) and the lowest number of morbidities (ß=-0.78). CONCLUSION: regardless of sociodemographic and economic characteristics, older adults of black color/race had the best outcomes of biopsychosocial indicators.

Social support among older adults understood through structural equation modeling / Apoyo social entre mujeres y hombres mayores entendido a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales / Apoio social entre mulheres e homens idosos compreendido por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze factors associated, directly and indirectly, with lower social support of older adults, according to sex. Methods: a cross-sectional study, with 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). Results: in groups of women and men, direct and significant associations were observed between a smaller social network (p<0.001;p<0.001), single-person housing (p=0.046;p<0.001), greater number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001;p=0.010) and lower participation in advanced activities (p<0.001;p=0.005) with lower social support. In women, younger age was directly and significantly associated with outcome (p<0.001). In men, older age, mediated by lower participation in advanced activities, was indirectly associated with outcome. Conclusions: men and women showed less social support associated with social network, housing arrangement, depressive symptoms and participation in advanced activities. Understanding the context of social support among older adults makes it possible to establish more effective measures to improve care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los factores asociados, directa e indirectamente, al menor apoyo social de los ancianos, según sexo. Métodos: estudio transversal con 941 ancianos de una microrregión de salud de Minas Gerais. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de trayectoria (p<0,05). Resultados: en los grupos de mujeres y hombres se observaron asociaciones directas y significativas entre menor red social (p<0,001;p<0,001), vivienda unipersonal (p=0,046;p<0,001), mayor número de síntomas depresivos (p<0,001;p=0,010) y menor participación en actividades avanzadas (p<0,001;p=0,005) con menor apoyo social, respectivamente. En las mujeres, la menor edad se asoció directa y significativamente con el resultado (p<0,001). En los hombres, la mayor edad, mediada por una menor participación en actividades avanzadas, se asoció indirectamente con el resultado. Conclusiones: hombres y mujeres mostraron menor apoyo social asociado a la red social, arreglo de vivienda, síntomas depresivos y participación en actividades avanzadas. Comprender el contexto de apoyo social entre los ancianos permite establecer medidas más eficaces para mejorar la atención.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados, direta e indiretamente, ao menor apoio social de idosos, segundo o sexo. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 941 idosos de uma microrregião de saúde de Minas Gerais. Realizaram-se análises descritiva e de trajetórias (p<0,05). Resultados: observaram-se, nos grupos de mulheres e homens, associações diretas e significativas entre menor rede social (p<0,001;p<0,001), moradia unipessoal (p=0,046;p<0,001), maior número de sintomas depressivos (p<0,001;p=0,010) e menor participação nas atividades avançadas (p<0,001;p=0,005) com menor apoio social, respectivamente. Nas mulheres, a menor idade se associou direta e significativamente ao desfecho (p<0,001). Nos homens, a maior idade, mediada pela menor participação nas atividades avançadas, associou-se indiretamente ao desfecho. Conclusões: os homens e mulheres apresentaram menor apoio social associado à rede social, arranjo de moradia, sintomatologia depressiva e participação nas atividades avançadas. A compreensão do contexto do apoio social entre idosos possibilita o estabelecimento de medidas mais eficazes na melhoria do cuidado.

Distanciamento social pela covid-19: rede de apoio social, atividades e sentimentos de idosos que moram só / Social distancing due to covid-19: social support network, activities and feelings of aged individuals who live alone / Distanciamiento social debido al covid-19: red de apoyo social, actividades y sentimientos de ancianos que viven solos

RESUMO Objetivo: to analyze the social support network, the activities performed, and the factors associated with the presence of negative feelings of aged individuals who live alone during social distancing due to COVID-19. Método: a cross-sectional study conducted with 119 aged individuals who live alone in the Macro-region of Triângulo Sul, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were collected at the homes and with instruments validated in the country. Descriptive and multiple binary regression analyses were performed (p<0.05). Resultados: 97.5% had a social support network for health needs and for maintaining social distancing (79.8%). The activity most frequently performed was household chores (77.3%). The presence of negative feelings was associated with the female gender (p<0.001) and with fewer activities (p=0.012). Conclusão: the data contribute to the development of health actions, revealing situations in the daily life of aged individuals that are exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as aspects related to the negative feelings experienced by aged individuals who live alone.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the sociodemographic profile of interpersonal violence associated with alcohol consumption in São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out through notifications of suspected or confirmed cases of interpersonal violence from the Notifiable Diseases Information System submitted between 2016 and 2019. Collection took place between March and June 2020. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed in the statistical analysis. Results: 27,775 notifications were obtained, whose prevalent profile was female victims (60.6%), aged between 20 and 34 years old (41.4%), brown- or black-skinned (51%), and with complete high school (18.8%). Physical violence was more frequent (81.9%), perpetrated by an intimate partner (20.3%), motivated by sexism (9.9%) and generational conflict (11.2%). In sexual violence, rape prevailed with 69.4% and there was a low supply of emergency contraception methods (14.7%). Conclusion: the study contributes to reflections and subsidies in the planning of public policies to control the problem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la red de apoyo social, las actividades realizadas y los factores asociados a la presencia de sentimientos negativos de ancianos que viven solos durante el distanciamiento social debido al COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 119 ancianos que viven solos en la Macro-región de Triângulo Sul, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron en los domicilios y con instrumentos validados en el país. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de regresión binaria múltiple (p<0,05). Resultados: El 97,5% contaba con una red de apoyo social para necesidades de salud y para mantener el distanciamiento social (79.8%). La actividad más frecuente fue la de tareas domésticas (77,3%). La presencia de sentimientos negativos se asoció al sexo femenino (p<0,001) y a una menor cantidad de actividades realizadas (p=0,012). Conclusión: los datos contribuyen en la elaboración de acciones de salud, evidenciando situaciones en la vida diaria de los ancianos que se vieron agravadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19, como ser los aspectos relacionados a los sentimientos negativos experimentados por los ancianos que viven solos.

Iniquidades raciais e indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos / Racial inequities and biopsychosocial indicators in older adults / Inequidades raciales e indicadores biopsicosociales en las personas mayores

Resumo Objetivo analisar a associação da cor da pele/raça autorreferida com indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos. Método estudo transversal conduzido com 941 idosos de uma comunidade na microrregião de saúde no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio e com instrumentos validados no país. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva e regressão logística binária, multinomial e linear (p<0,05). Resultados a autodeclaração de cor/raça branca predominou entre os idosos (63,8%). A cor/raça preta foi fator de proteção para a autoavaliação da saúde péssima/má (OR=0,40) e regular (OR=0,44) e para o indicativo de sintomas depressivos (OR=0,43); e associou-se ao maior escore de apoio social (β=3,60) e ao menor número de morbidades (β=-0,78). Conclusão os achados denotam que, independentemente de características sociodemográficas e econômicas, os idosos da cor/raça preta apresentaram os melhores desfechos dos indicadores biopsicossociais.

Abstract Objective to analyze the association of self-reported skin color/race with biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. Method cross-sectional study conducted with a total of 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Brazil. Data were collected at home with instruments validated for the country. Descriptive analysis and binary, multinomial and linear logistic regression (p<0.05) were performed. Results Most older adults were self-declared white color/race (63.8%). Black color/race was a protective factor for negative (OR=0.40) and regular (OR=0.44) self-rated health perception and for the indicative of depressive symptoms (OR=0.43); and it was associated with the highest social support score (β=3.60) and the lowest number of morbidities (β=-0.78). Conclusion regardless of sociodemographic and economic characteristics, older adults of black color/race had the best outcomes of biopsychosocial indicators.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la asociación del color de piel/raza autoinformado con indicadores biopsicosociales de personas mayores. Método estudio transversal realizado con 941 adultos mayores de una comunidad en una microrregión de salud en Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en residencia y con instrumentos validados en el país. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y regresión logística binaria, multinomial y lineal (p<0,05). Resultados la autodeclaración de color/raza blanca predominó entre los adultos mayores (63,8%). El color/raza negra fue un factor de protección para la autoevaluación de la salud mala (OR=0,40) y regular (OR=0,44) y para el indicativo de síntomas depresivos (OR=0,43); y se asoció con el puntaje más alto de apoyo social (β=3,60) y el menor número de morbilidades (β=-0,78). Conclusión los hallazgos muestran que, independientemente de las características sociodemográficas y económicas, las personas mayores de color/raza negra tuvieron los mejores resultados de los indicadores biopsicosociales.

Síndrome de fragilidade entre pessoas idosas longevas de uma macrorregião de saúde em Minas Gerais / Frailty syndrome among oldest old individuals in a health macro-region of Minas Gerais

Resumo Objetivo identificar as condições de fragilidade e seus fatores associados entre pessoas idosas longevas residentes na área urbana de uma macrorregião de saúde de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 314 pessoas idosas longevas residentes em uma macrorregião de saúde de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios mediante a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e regressão logística multinomial (p<0,05). Resultados verificou-se que 44,3% do longevos eram frágeis, 44,3% pré-frágeis e 11,4% não frágeis. A condição de pré-fragilidade associou-se ao fato de morar só (p=0,047) e ao desempenho físico muito ruim/baixo (p=0,026), enquanto a fragilidade, ao desempenho físico muito ruim/baixo (p<0,001); ao indicativo de sintomas depressivos (p=0,029) e à presença de 5 ou mais morbidades (p=0,003). Conclusão as condições de pré-fragilidade e fragilidade foram as mais frequentes entre os longevos. A manutenção do desempenho físico é um aspecto passível de atuação pelos profissionais de saúde, a ser trabalhado entre as pessoas idosas longevas visando postergar a pré-fragilidade e a fragilidade.

Abstract Objective to identify frailty conditions and their associated factors among oldest old individuals living in the urban area of a health macro-region of Minas Gerais state. Methods a cross-sectional study of 314 oldest old from a health macro-region in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, was conducted. Data were collected from households by applying instruments validated for use in Brazil. Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses (p<0.05) were carried out. Results In the sample assessed, 44.3% of the oldest old were frail, 44.3% pre-frail and 11.4% non-frail. The pre-frail condition was associated with living alone (p=0.047) and very poor/poor physical performance (p=0.026), while frailty was associated with very poor/poor physical performance (p<0.001), the presence of depressive symptomatology (p=0.029) and of ≥5 morbidities (p=0.003). Conclusion pre-frail and frail conditions predominated among the oldest old assessed. Maintaining physical performance is an aspect that can be targeted by health professionals in oldest old to delay pre-frailty and frailty.

Fatores associados à síndrome de fragilidade em idosos: análise de modelagem de equações estruturais / Frailty syndrome among the elderly and its associated factors: a structural equation modeling analysis

Objetivo: Analisar a síndrome de fragilidade e seus fatores associados entre idosos na comunidade. Método: Estudo transversal com 1.601 idosos residentes na área urbana da Macrorregião de Saúde do Triângulo Sul de Minas Gerais, que foram divididos em dois grupos: pré-fragilidade/fragilidade (n= 1200) e não fragilidade (n= 401). Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios mediante a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se as análises descritiva e de trajetórias (p<0,05). Resultados: A maior idade (p<0,001), tal como a menor escolaridade (p<0,001), o maior número de morbidades (p<0,001), o alto risco para complicações metabólicas (p= 0,006) e as medidas inadequadas das circunferências da panturrilha (p<0,001) e braquial (p= 0,028) associaram-se diretamente à pré-fragilidade/fragilidade. As associações indiretas com esta condição foram entre o sexo masculino (ß= -0,01), mediado pela medida inadequada da circunferência da panturrilha; sexo feminino, mediado pelo maior número de morbidades (ß= 0,04) e pelo alto risco para complicações metabólicas (ß= 0,03); e o índice de massa corporal mediado pelo maior número de morbidades (ß= 0,03). Conclusão: A maior idade, baixa escolaridade, polimorbidade e inadequações nas medidas das circunferências abdominal, panturrilha e braquial são aspectos que devem ser considerados na elaboração de estratégias de atenção à saúde do idoso, visando postergar o surgimento da síndrome de fragilidade e/ou minimizar suas consequências.

Objective: Analyze the frailty syndrome and its associated factors among the community-dwelling elderly. Method: A cross-sectional study with 1.601 elderlies living in the urban area of the Health Macro-region of the Southern Triangle of Minas Gerais ­ Brazil divided into two groups: pre-frail/frail (n= 1.200) and non-frail (n= 401). Validated questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were conducted (p<0.05). Results: Older age (p<0.001), a low education level (p<0.001), the highest number of morbidities (p<0.001), high risk for metabolic complications (p= 0.006), and inadequate calf and brachial circumferences were directly associated with pre-frailty/frailty (p<0.001 and p= 0.028, respectively). Indirect associations with prefrailty were found between males mediated by inadequate calf circumference measurement (ß= -0.01), females mediated by the highest number of morbidities and the high risk for metabolic complications (ß= 0.04 and ß= 0.03, respectively, and the body mass index mediated by the highest number of morbidities (ß= 0.03). Conclusion: Older age, low education level, multimorbidity, and inadequate measurements of waist, calf, and brachial circumferences are features that must be considered when designing health care strategies for the elderly aiming to delay the onset of frailty syndrome or minimize its consequences.

Condições de saúde de mulheres e homens idosos com idade avançada: estudo longitudinal / Health status of older men and women: longitudinal study / Condiciones de salud de mujeres y hombres de edad avanzada: un estudio longitudinal

Objetivo: descrever as características sociodemográficas e de saúde de mulheres e homens com 75 anos ou mais de idade, no baseline e follow-up de quatro anos e verificar para mulheres e homens as mudanças nas condições de saúde. Métodos: estudo longitudinal com 109 idosos de 75 anos ou mais de idade de um município no Triângulo Mineiro. A coleta dos dados, realizada em dois momentos (2014-2018), ocorreu no domicílio com a aplicação de instrumentos validados no Brasil. Procederam-se às análises descritiva e teste t pareado (p<0,05). Os projetos foram aprovados pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados: verificaram-se, em ambos os sexos, aumento do número de morbidades e diminuição do escore total das atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Entre as mulheres observou-se, ainda, aumento do número de quedas e do escore de fragilidade. Conclusão: ao longo do seguimento houve piora nas condições de saúde dos idosos, sendo mais expressiva entre as mulheres.

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic and health characteristics of women and men aged 75 or over, at baseline and after four years of follow-up, and to ascertain changes in their health status. Methods: in this longitudinal study of 109 elderly people aged 75 or over from a city in the Triângulo Mineiro, data were collected at two points (2014 and 2018), at home, by applying instruments validated for use in Brazil. Descriptive analysis and paired t-tests were performed (p < 0.05). The projects were approved by the human research ethics committee. Results: in both genders, the number of morbidities increased and the total score for instrumental activities of daily living decreased. Among women, the number of falls and frailty score also increased. Conclusion: the older people's health status worsened over the course of follow-up, more so among the women.

Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y de salud de mujeres y hombres de 75 años o más, en la base de referencia y el seguimiento durante cuatro años, y verificar los cambios en las condiciones de salud de mujeres y hombres. Métodos: estudio longitudinal con 109 personas mayores, de 75 años o más, de un municipio del Triângulo Mineiro. La recolección de datos, realizada en dos momentos (2014-2018), se realizó en sus domicilios aplicando instrumentos validados en Brasil. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y prueba t pareada (p <0.05). Los proyectos fueron aprobados por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con Humanos. Resultados: en ambos os sexos, hubo un aumento en el número de morbilidades y una disminución en la puntuación total de las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. Entre las mujeres, se observó asimismo un aumento en el número de caídas y la puntuación de fragilidad. Conclusión: a lo largo del seguimiento, las condiciones de salud de las personas mayores empeoraron, más expresivamente entre las mujeres.